パンデミックとBCPについて

現在、新型コロナウィルスによるパンデミックが発生し、終息の目途が立たない。
このパンデミックによって事業縮小を余儀なくされたり、倒産に至った企業も存在する。
また従業員の雇用が保てず、また新規採用の取り消しも発生している。
ところで読者諸氏の企業では業務継続計画書(BCP:Business              Continuity Plan)を作成しているだろうか。
実はBCPには2種類ある。
1つは「激甚災害編」であり2つ目は「パンデミック編」である。
激甚災害とは、地震や津波などである。
実は、「激甚災害編」と「パンデミック編」では対応方法が真逆であることをご存じだろうか。

激甚災害編
地震の特徴としては

  • 局所的である
  • 予告なく発生する(予測不可能)
  • インフラ(携帯電話、メール)などがダウンする

などがあげられる。
地震が発生した際に必要なことは、如何に早く人を集めるかである。
あらかじめBCPで指定して置いた場所(郊外のオフィス等)に地震発生72時間後に集まり、災害復旧本部を立ち上げるのである。
集合場所には、パソコン、ノート、筆記類、食料・飲料水、寝具などをあらかじめ備えておく。
またあらかじめ代替サイトを決めておき、製造などを継続させる。
さらに重要な医薬品等は90日程度の備蓄を持っておくことが必要である。

復旧の手順は、おおよそ以下の通りである。
1.インフラ(メール)
2.勘定系・営業系システム
3.製造系システム
4.開発系システム

パンデミック編
パンデミックの特徴としては

  • あらかじめ予測できる(例:日本で1症例目が発生すると2~3ヶ月後にピークを迎えるなど)
  • 全国(世界中)に蔓延する
  • 終息がある程度予測できる

などがあげられる。
パンデミックが発生しても休業できない業種は数多く存在する。
例えば、警察・消防・医療機関・役所などである。
パンデミックの発生が予測される際に必要なことは、如何に人を集めないかである。
例えば、部長以上はテレワークとし、従業員の半数を自宅に待機させ、重要な製品に限って残りの従業員で製造を継続する。その場合、本人または家族が罹患した際に自宅待機に切り替え、代替の要員を出社させるのである。
つまり、常に50%のマンパワーで操業することが重要である。
また、オフィスワーカーの場合はテレワークを実施する必要がある。
ネット会議などに不慣れな人や、忌み嫌う(食わず嫌いな)人も存在する。
そのため、例えば部長職以上は年に1回テレワークの予行演習を実施しておかなければならない。自宅から適切に業務の指示が行え、決済・承認などを実施しなければならないからである。

今回のパンデミックを機にテレワークを採用する企業も増えた。
今年からは5Gのサービスも開始される。
今後はテレワークがより進むのではないかと感じている。

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