アクションリミットとアラートレベル
アクションリミットとアラートレベルは、例えば微生物または浮遊粒子の限界を管理する基準として用いられる。
アクションリミット(Action limit)は、作用域限度範囲のことで、許容運転範囲の限界であり、これを超えた場合は逸脱となる。また、その際には適切な調査と当該調査に基づく是正措置を実施する必要がある。
アラートレベル(Alert level)は、警戒領域限度幅のことであり、この範囲内は通常運転範囲となる。
アラートレベルは、通常の動作条件およびバリデート済みの状態からの潜在的な逸脱を早期に警告するものである。アラートレベルを超えたとしても、必ずしも是正措置が必要になる訳ではないが、潜在的な問題に対処するための適切な精査とフォローアップ、つまり予防処置が必要となる。
アラートレベルは、定期的な適格性検証の傾向データに基づいて設定され、定期的に見直される。 アラートレベルは、不利な傾向、設定された制限を超える個々の一過的逸脱(excursions)、繰り返しイベントなど、多くのパラメータに基づくことが可能である。
例えば、冷蔵庫の温度管理(2℃~8℃)を考えよう。多くの場合、冷蔵庫の設定温度は5℃としていると思われる。これはドアを開けた際に一時的に温度が上昇または下降し、逸脱してしまうことを防ぐ為である。
アラートレベルを3℃~7℃に設定したとしよう。この場合、アラートレベルを超えた時点または傾向を見て逸脱方向に向かっている場合で、再度5℃になるように設定するだろう。これが予防処置である。
温度がアラートレベルを超えるか、または逸脱方向に向かっている場合、どこかに問題が潜んでいることが考えられる。
例えば、冷蔵庫のドアがきちんと閉まらなくなっていたり、隙間が空いていたり、ドアの開閉を頻繁に繰り返している場合などが考えられるのである。
まだ逸脱ではないので、是正処置は不要であるが、逸脱しないように予防処置が必要となる。
一過的逸脱(Excursion)と一時的逸脱(Spike)
一過性逸脱とは、比較的短時間(例:20分以内)の逸脱のことを言う。
また、一時的逸脱は、一瞬の間(例:1分間)のみ逸脱することを言う。
企業によっては、一過性逸脱や一次的逸脱を認めており、所定の時間を超えない限りは逸脱として取り上げないことがある。
ただし、アラートレベルの一過的逸脱は文書化してレビュする必要があり、一過的逸脱が単一の(孤立した)事象であるかどうか、または結果が悪い傾向またはシステムの劣化を示しているかどうかを判断するための調査を含める必要がある。
つまり、考えられる根本原因と、製品の品質および製造プロセスへの潜在的な影響を判断するために、それぞれのアクションリミットの一過的逸脱を調査する必要がある。
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