滅菌前の洗浄・乾燥はなぜ必要か

滅菌前の洗浄・乾燥はなぜ必要か

文明は進化し、蒸気機関車から新幹線、この先はリニアモーターカーへと技術革新が目覚ましい。
しかしながら、滅菌の世界においては、いまだに高圧蒸気滅菌(オートクレーブ)が主役のままだ。
高圧蒸気滅菌は、低コストかつ小型化できることや、EOG滅菌などと異なり残留物が無害であることから現在でも多く使用されている。

滅菌前の洗浄について

高圧蒸気滅菌に限ったことではないが、滅菌前の洗浄は大切だ。
被滅菌物に生存する微生物の数と種類をバイオバーデンと呼ぶ。
バイオバーデンデータはGMPで要求されている製造衛生管理の判断基準である。
適切な洗浄によって、滅菌前のバイオバーデンを減少させることが出来る。
器材の消毒・滅菌を確実に行うためには、予め洗浄を十分に行う必要がある。

洗浄により器材のバイオバーデンを4log程度減少させることができる。
例えば、バイオバーデンを106(1,000,000)から102(100)まで減少させたとしよう。(上図参照)
菌数が減ると早く無菌性保証レベル(SAL-6)に到達できるのである。 

滅菌前の乾燥について

濡れているものは滅菌できないことがある。
被滅菌物が最初から濡れていると温度上昇が妨げられたり、滅菌剤が被滅菌物に均一に行き渡らないので、滅菌不良になる可能性があるためである。
滅菌に水分は重要であるが、最初から濡れていたらダメなのである。

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