医療機器に関する品質規則

医療機器の品質保証の特徴

単に製造と検査を管理するだけで医療機器の安全性を確保できるか?

  • GMP的な決めたことの遵守と管理、不良品の発生防止だけでは機器の安全性を確保できるか?
    • 医薬品と医療機器の特性の差(医薬品は化学物質、医療機器は?)
    • 設計の重要性
    • 使用方法(ユーザー要素)等予期し得ない安全性ファクターが大きい…リスクマネージメントの必要性
    • 据付や付帯サービスが必要な機器もある
  • 品質保証活動は製品提供の全分野に及ぶ
  • 特にFDAは設計管理の重要性を認識

医療機器品質保証の国際調和

ISO9000‘sと追加要求事項規格ヨーロッパ規格のEN46000,s(1993)
GHTFによる5極調和化作業
1994日本GMPの改正(医療用具QAシステム基準)
一形の上ではISO9001+EN46001とほぼ整合がとられた
1995日本医療用具GMPの省令化
一QAシステム基準からのエッセンス(整合性には乏しい)
1997米国医療機器GMPの改正(医療機器QSR)
一設計管理の重要性を強調
新薬事法における医療機器QMS省令

品質システム規格の歴史

FDA近代化法(Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act: FDAMA)

1997年、FDAの行政改革を目的としてFDC法を改正する「FDA近代化法」がアメリカ議会を通過、同年11月21日、クリントン大統領の署名によって施行された。
この改正法は医薬品と医療機器に関する規制の強化と緩和が中心となっていて、多くの規則の改正や制定、あるいはガイダンスの作成を要求し、これまでにない広範な改革を求めるものであった。FDAは法律の発効後、3年以内に法律が要求する規則やガイダンスの仕事のほとんどを完了させた。
FDAMAには1993年度から発足した5年間の時限法の「処方せん薬ユーザーフィー法」を1997年度から5年間継続する規定(第二次ユーザーフィー法)も盛り込まれた(現在は2003年度から発足した第三次ユーザーフィー法が施行中)。
特に注目される改革には次のようなものがある。

  • 小児研究の推進
  • ファストトラック計画による承認審査の迅速化
  • 医薬品の適応外使用(表示外適応)
  • FDA規則の改善
  • 医療機器の規制の強化と緩和
  • 食品の包装材料の事前承認を廃止

Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 21

連邦規則集(連邦機関の現行規則を編集したもの)で、表題(Title)50のうち21にまとめられている。
Part 820は医療機器の品質システム規則
ISO13485はほぼ同様の内容を規定しており、日本ではJIS規格化されている。(JISは日本語として参照するのに適当)

Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 21 Part 820

標題・・・Quality System Regulation: QSR(品質システム規則)
適用・・・人体用に意図された全ての医用完成機器の設計・購買・製造・包装・ラベリング・保管・取り付けおよび付帯サービス:医療機器の製造に関する基本的な要求事項
構成・・・サブパートAからOまでの15セクションに分かれている。
主な要件

  • 品質システム要求事項
  • 設計管理
  • 文書管理
  • 識別およびトレーサビリティ
  • 生産および工程管理
  • 是正処置および予防処置

品質システム規則:医療機器の製造に関する基準(医療機器GMP)

1996年10月7日、FDAは、1978年の医療機器GMP規則を改正して「品質システム」(QS)(Quality System)と呼ぶ新しい規則を公示した。「品質システム規則」(Quality System Regulation)(21 CFR 820)は、医療機器の設計、購入、製造、包装、表示、保管、設置およびサービスで用いられる手順とこれらに対して用いられる設備および管理に関する要件を含む。
規則の定義では、品質(Quality)は安全性や性能を含めて使用適合性(Fitness-for-use)を満たすため機器の能力を支える特徴(Feature)と特質(Characteristic)の総体をいい、QSは品質管理の実施に対する組織構造、責任、手順、プロセスおよび資源をいう。
1978年7月21日に公示されたGMP規則は医療機器の製造および品質管理に対する要件を定めているが、1990年に「医療機器安全法」(SMDA)が成立するまではほとんど変更がなかった。SMDAはGMP規則に設計管理(Design Control)の要件を盛り込むことや外国とのGMP相互認証協定への努力を求めた。FDAは、SMDAのもとにGMP規則を改正して新しく設計管理規定を加え、同時にGMP規則をできる限り国際基準(ISO9001)に含まれる品質システムの要件に合わせる方針をとった。
GMP規則改正の動きは、1990年4月の医療機器GMP諮問委員会の開催から始まった。この年から1995年にかけて、規則立案の事前公示(Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking)、一般からコメントを求める規則案の公示、GMP作業原案(Working Draft)の利用と原案に対するコメントを求める公示、GMP公聴会の開催、GMP諮問委員会の開催など、規則改正に向かって各種の手順が進むとともに、機器回収データの分析や国際品質基準などの評価が加わることによって、FDAはGMP改正を決断した。GMP規則は多くの異なるタイプの医療機器に適用しなければならないことから特定の機器に対する製造要件を詳しく規定することよりは、むしろすべての製造業者が守らなければならない大枠を定める方が合理的であると判断した。その趣旨にしたがってFDAは、製造業者の品質要件の達成に柔軟性を与えるため、規則案と作業班原案に変更を加えて最終GMP規則として「GMP : 品質システム規則」を公示した。
品質システム規則の一般規定は、次のようなことを定める。

  • 各製造業者は設計または製造される特定の医療機器に対して適切な、そしてこの規定の要件に適合する品質システムを確立し、維持しなければならない。
  • 規則に定める要件は最終機器が安全かつ有効であり、またFDC法の遵守を保証する意図をもつ。
  • 規則は最終機器の構成物または部品の製造業者には適用されないが、このような製造業者に対してガイダンスとしてこの規則の規定を用いることを勧める。

また、外国の製造業者については、アメリカに輸入される医療機器の外国製造業者が施設へのFDA査察を拒否する場合、その施設で製造される機器は法的に不良品(Adulterated product)とみなされる。
規則は、一般規定(範囲、定義、品質システム)、品質システム要件(管理責任、品質査察、従業員)、設計管理、文書管理、購入管理、確認と追跡(確認、追跡)、生産および工程管理(生産および工程管理、検査・測定・検査器具、工程バリデーション)、容認作業(受領、工程中および最終機器の容認、容認の状態)、不適合製品、是正および予防措置、表示および包装管理(機器表示、機器包装)、取扱・保管・流通・設置(取扱、保管、流通、設置)、記録(一般要件、機器マスター記録、機器歴記録、苦情ファイル)、サービング、統計技術の各項目(Subpart)を含む。

General Principles of Software Validation


医療機器の設計、開発、製造に使用されるソフトウェアのバリデーションの原則を記述したもので、1987年に初版が発行され、2002年1月にファイナルガイダンスとして発行された。
本ガイダンスは、医療機器にかかわる業界およびFDAのスタッフに対するCSV関連の指針となっている。

規制の国際調和

グローバルに医療機器の規制要求事項を整合していくための組織が必要になり、官民合同の会議としてGHTF(The Global Harmonization Task Force)が結成。
GHTF SG 3(Study Group)=品質システムおよびプロセスバリデーションガイドライン=は、品質システムとしてISO13485:2003を採用するよう推奨しており、日本も薬事法改正の中でQMS省令を新たに発出し、この内容をISO13485:2003にあわせた経緯がある。
プロセスバリデーションは品質マネジメントシステム(QMS)要件の一部としている。
QMSには品質保証(QA)、設計管理、工程管理などが含まれる。

GHTFガイダンス

※21 CFR Part 820 (QMS)、ISO 13485をともに参照、網羅的に包含
バリデーション除外の場合:GHTFガイダンスでは、バリデーションが必要ない事象につき、ベリフィケーションを行うことでリスクやコストを低減でき得る、としている。
徹底したバリデーション実施の場合:バリデーションを緻密に行うことよりも製品の再設計をした方が、リスクやコストを低減できるかもしれない、という考え方がGHTFガイダンスにはある。
統計学的手法の活用:GHTFガイダンスでは、統計学的手法を特にOQ実施時に駆使し、製品スペックにおける管理範囲とアクションレベルを決定している。

ISO13485(医療機器の品質マネジメント)

ISO13485:2003の発行
ISO13485はISO9001と独立した規格であり、「Medical devices — Quality management systems — Requirements for regulatory purposes」として、世界各国で医療機器に関する規制目的で使用することを目的とした規格にモディファイされている。尚、日本国内では2005年10月1日にJIS Q 13485:2005としてJIS化された。

医療機器の品質管理(GQP)

医療機器製造販売業の許可を受けるためには、薬事法第12条の2第1号により、「品質管理の基準(Good Quality Practice:GQP)」に適合することが必要である。
GQPでは、主に「製品の市場への出荷の管理」、「適正な製造管理及び品質管理の確保(製造業者等の管理監督)」、「品質等に関する情報及び品質不良等の処理」など、品質管理業務を適切に実施するために必要なシステム(仕組み・ルール)の構築を要求している。
GQPでの要求事項は、製造販売業の許可の種類(第一種・第二種・第三種)によらず、全て共通となっている。

ISO14971(医療機器のリスクマネジメント)

EUでは1993年にMedical Devices Directive(MDD) 93/42/EECが施行され、機器をクラス分類により管理してきた。このクラス分類は主に機器の持つ危険の度合いによって振り分けられている。
MDDにおける危険回避は、すべての機器に対して基本要件の適合を義務づけることにより行われているが、この適合のためにリスク分析(prEN1441、1997年に正式版)が採用されてきた。
その後、EN1441に変えてリスクマネジメント(ENISO14971:2000)を整合規格に加え、今日に至っている。
現在もEU圏への医療機器の出荷にはリスクマネジメントが必須となっている。

QMSの管理浸透とリスクマネジメント

製造所の実務担当者と品質保証担当者は協力してQMS(品質マネジメントシステム)の管理浸透と適切なリスクマネジメントの実施を進めねばならない。
プロセスの理解とプロセスの継続的改善を達成するには設計およびプロセスバリデーションをしっかりおさえる必要がある。

Comment

  1. I like the valuable info you provide for your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and take
    a look at again here regularly. I’m somewhat sure I will
    be informed many new stuff proper right here! Good luck
    for the following!

  2. https://solo.to/kobet1

  3. https://www.outlookindia.com/plugin-play/ED8590ED8590EBB2B3-EB8F99EC9DBC-EC8694EBA3A8EC8598-EBA994EC9DB4ECA080EC82ACEC9DB4ED8AB8-EBAAA8EC9584EBB3B4EAB8B0

  4. http://me-d.kr/_board/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=28286

  5. http://www.daelimwedding.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=70347

  6. http://jeonhyunsoo.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=402123

  7. http://arkpnp.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=200666

  8. http://xn--od1by81a9wfvyhw6d9tc.net/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=91217

  9. http://www.21rental.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=414688

  10. Have you ever considered writing an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs?
    I have a blog based upon on the same ideas you discuss and would love
    to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would enjoy your
    work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e mail.

  11. We absolutely love your blog and find the majority
    of your post’s to be what precisely I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers to write content in your case?
    I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a few of
    the subjects you write related to here. Again, awesome website!

  12. My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s
    to be just what I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers
    to write content to suit your needs? I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on many of the subjects
    you write in relation to here. Again, awesome web log!

  13. I feel this is among the such a lot significant information for me.
    And i am happy studying your article. But wanna observation on some basic things, The site taste is wonderful, the articles is in reality nice : D.
    Just right process, cheers

  14. Great article, exactly what I wanted to find.

  15. Thank you a lot for sharing this with all folks you really understand what you are
    speaking about! Bookmarked. Please also consult with my site =).
    We may have a hyperlink trade agreement among us

  16. Does your site have a contact page? I’m having a
    tough time locating it but, I’d like to send you
    an email. I’ve got some recommendations for your blog you
    might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to
    seeing it improve over time.

  17. I am sure this article has touched all the internet users, its really really nice piece of writing on building up new webpage.

  18. Your style is so unique compared to other people I have read stuff from.
    Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess
    I will just bookmark this site.

  19. This page certainly has all of the information and facts I needed concerning this subject and didn’t know who
    to ask.

  20. What’s up friends, its fantastic article concerning teachingand entirely defined, keep it up all the time.

  21. I am regular visitor, how are you everybody? This piece of writing
    posted at this web site is genuinely fastidious.

  22. You’ve made some good points there. I looked on the net for more info about the issue and found
    most people will go along with your views on this site.

  23. Hi, I believe your web site might be having internet
    browser compatibility issues. When I look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however,
    if opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping issues.
    I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that,
    excellent blog!

  24. Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis.

    It will always be exciting to read through content from other writers and use something from other
    sites.

  25. It’s actually very difficult in this busy life to listen news on TV, therefore I simply use internet for that purpose, and take the newest news.

  26. I just like the helpful information you supply on your
    articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again right here frequently.
    I’m moderately certain I’ll learn many new stuff
    proper here! Good luck for the following!

  27. I know this site presents quality depending articles or reviews and extra data, is there any other site which offers these kinds of
    information in quality?

  28. Your style is so unique compared to other folks I’ve read stuff from.
    I appreciate you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess
    I will just bookmark this blog.

  29. I think this is among the most vital information for me.

    And i’m glad reading your article. But want to remark on some general things, The website style is perfect, the articles is really excellent :
    D. Good job, cheers

  30. I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your website.
    Do you ever run into any browser compatibility problems?
    A number of my blog audience have complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari.
    Do you have any suggestions to help fix this problem?

  31. https://www.easymove.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=27824

  32. I could not resist commenting. Well written!

  33. Hi there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers?
    I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any suggestions?

  34. Very energetic blog, I loved that bit. Will there
    be a part 2?

  35. Howdy! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be okay.
    I’m absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new posts.

  36. Nice post. I used to be checking continuously this weblog and I
    am inspired! Very helpful info specifically the last section 🙂 I take care of such info much.
    I used to be looking for this certain information for a long time.
    Thanks and best of luck.

  37. Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It really useful & it helped me out much.

    I hope to give something back and aid others
    like you aided me.

  38. Hello There. I discovered your weblog the usage of msn. That is
    a really neatly written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark
    it and return to read extra of your helpful info.
    Thanks for the post. I will certainly comeback.

  39. Howdy! This blog post couldn’t be written much better!
    Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate!
    He continually kept preaching about this. I am
    going to send this article to him. Fairly certain he will have a good
    read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  40. There is definately a great deal to learn about this topic.
    I love all of the points you’ve made.

  41. What’s up, everything is going sound here and ofcourse every one
    is sharing data, that’s really excellent, keep up writing.

  42. Awesome article.

  43. Howdy! I know this is sort of off-topic however I needed to ask.
    Does operating a well-established website such as yours require a lot of work?
    I am completely new to operating a blog but I do write in my diary everyday.

    I’d like to start a blog so I will be able to share my personal experience and feelings online.

    Please let me know if you have any kind of recommendations or tips
    for new aspiring blog owners. Appreciate it!

  44. Hi my friend! I want to say that this article is amazing, great written and include approximately all significant infos.
    I would like to see more posts like this .

  45. What’s up, its good post about media print, we
    all know media is a enormous source of data.

  46. That is a really good tip particularly to those new to the blogosphere.
    Brief but very accurate info… Many thanks for sharing
    this one. A must read article!

  47. Hey I am so delighted I found your weblog, I really
    found you by mistake, while I was looking on Yahoo for something else, Anyways I am here
    now and would just like to say thank you for a incredible post and a all round
    enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t
    have time to look over it all at the minute but I have saved it and
    also added your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the excellent job.

  48. Excellent blog you have here but I was wanting to know
    if you knew of any user discussion forums
    that cover the same topics talked about here?
    I’d really like to be a part of online community where I
    can get advice from other experienced individuals that share the same interest.
    If you have any recommendations, please let me know.
    Bless you!

  49. Have you ever considered about including a little bit more than just your articles?
    I mean, what you say is fundamental and all. However just imagine if you added some great photos or videos to
    give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and video clips, this site
    could definitely be one of the best in its field. Awesome blog!

  50. Usually I do not read post on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to try and do
    it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thanks, quite nice post.

  51. When I initially commented I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox
    and now every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment.
    Is there an easy method you are able to remove me from that
    service? Many thanks!

  52. Hello there! This is kind of off topic but I need some guidance from an established blog.

    Is it very difficult to set up your own blog? I’m
    not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty fast.
    I’m thinking about making my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you have any tips or suggestions?
    Thanks

  53. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your post seem to be running off
    the screen in Firefox. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought
    I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though!
    Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many thanks

  54. Greetings from Ohio! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your blog on my
    iphone during lunch break. I really like the knowledge you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home.
    I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my cell phone ..
    I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyways, amazing site!

  55. This piece of writing is actually a fastidious one it assists new
    the web viewers, who are wishing for blogging.

  56. I like the valuable info you provide for your articles.
    I’ll bookmark your blog and check once more here frequently.

    I’m slightly certain I’ll learn a lot of new stuff right here!

    Best of luck for the following!

  57. If some one desires expert view about blogging and site-building
    afterward i suggest him/her to go to see this
    blog, Keep up the pleasant job.

  58. Hi it’s me, I am also visiting this web site daily, this web page
    is actually nice and the viewers are in fact sharing good thoughts.

  59. Yesterday, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iphone and tested to
    see if it can survive a thirty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now destroyed
    and she has 83 views. I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with
    someone!

  60. I do believe all of the ideas you’ve presented in your
    post. They are really convincing and will definitely work.
    Still, the posts are too quick for newbies. Could you please extend them a bit from next time?
    Thank you for the post.

  61. Hey! This post could not be written any better! Reading this
    post reminds me of my good old room mate! He always kept chatting
    about this. I will forward this article
    to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read.
    Many thanks for sharing!

  62. It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d
    most certainly donate to this excellent blog! I
    guess for now i’ll settle for book-marking
    and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to fresh
    updates and will share this blog with my Facebook group.
    Talk soon!

  63. Hey there! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?
    My blog looks weird when viewing from my iphone.
    I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this issue.
    If you have any suggestions, please share.
    Cheers!

  64. Thanks for sharing your thoughts on naga169. Regards

  65. It’s not my first time to go to see this web page, i am visiting this
    web page dailly and get nice facts from here every day.

  66. Amazing things here. I’m very happy to peer your post.
    Thanks so much and I am having a look forward to contact
    you. Will you please drop me a mail?

  67. Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it.
    Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! However, how can we communicate?

  68. Magnificent goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and you’re just too
    wonderful. I actually like what you have acquired here, really like
    what you are saying and the way in which you say it.
    You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it wise.
    I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a terrific website.

  69. Right here is the perfect blog for anybody who wants to understand this topic.
    You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I
    actually would want to…HaHa). You certainly put
    a fresh spin on a subject that’s been discussed for years.
    Great stuff, just excellent!

  70. Excellent beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your
    site, how could i subscribe for a blog web site?
    The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright
    clear idea

  71. Right here is the right blog for anybody who would like to understand this topic.

    You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that
    I really will need to…HaHa). You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic that has been discussed for a long time.
    Wonderful stuff, just wonderful!

  72. I’m no longer sure the place you’re getting your info,
    however great topic. I needs to spend a while
    finding out more or understanding more. Thanks for great information I was on the lookout
    for this info for my mission.

  73. What’s up to every one, it’s truly a good for me to go to see this website, it includes precious Information.

  74. Everyone loves what you guys are up too. Such clever
    work and coverage! Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve
    added you guys to my personal blogroll.

  75. It’s actually a cool and helpful piece of information. I am
    happy that you shared this helpful information with us.
    Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

  76. Attractive component to content. I simply stumbled upon your site and in accession capital to
    say that I get actually loved account your
    blog posts. Anyway I’ll be subscribing on your feeds or even I success you get entry to persistently rapidly.

  77. Wow, that’s what I was searching for, what a information! present here
    at this website, thanks admin of this web site.

  78. Awesome blog! Do you have any helpful hints for aspiring writers?
    I’m hoping to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
    Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go
    for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally overwhelmed ..
    Any ideas? Thanks!

  79. Its not my first time to pay a quick visit this web site,
    i am browsing this site dailly and obtain fastidious data from here daily.

  80. If you would like to get much from this article then you have to
    apply such methods to your won web site.

  81. Hi, its good piece of writing regarding media print, we all know media is a great
    source of data.

  82. It’s amazing in favor of me to have a web page, which is
    good in favor of my knowledge. thanks admin

  83. Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written any better!
    Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate!
    He always kept preaching about this. I am going to send this article to him.
    Fairly certain he’ll have a good read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  84. Your method of explaining everything in this paragraph is really fastidious, every one be able to without difficulty
    be aware of it, Thanks a lot.

  85. Hi! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give
    a quick shout out and say I really enjoy reading through your blog posts.
    Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same subjects?
    Thanks a ton!

  86. Neat blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download
    it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my
    blog shine. Please let me know where you got your design. With thanks

  87. Currently it seems like Drupal is the top blogging platform
    out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using
    on your blog?

  88. It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it’s time
    to be happy. I’ve read this publish and if I may just I want to suggest you
    some interesting issues or suggestions. Perhaps you could write next articles
    referring to this article. I desire to read even more issues approximately it!

  89. Just wish to say your article is as astonishing.
    The clarity in your post is just cool and i could assume you are
    an expert on this subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep up to date
    with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please carry on the gratifying work.

  90. Hello there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my zynga group?
    There’s a lot of people that I think would really enjoy your
    content. Please let me know. Thanks

  91. http://www.seongjisafety.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=122661

  92. https://meriqueen.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=905837

TOP